Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz., commonly known as Bai Zhu, belongs to the Asteraceae family and is a medicinal plant unique to China. It is a prominent traditional Chinese herb, one of the famous “Zhejiang Eight Flavors,” and is celebrated with the epithet “Southern Bai Zhu, Northern Ginseng.” Bai Zhu is a perennial herb, and its rhizome is used medicinally. It is primarily distributed in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Anhui, Sichuan, Hubei, and Hunan. The rhizome is thick, with scattered brown-yellow oil spots on the cross-section, and has a fresh fragrance. Bai Zhu is known for its benefits in tonifying the spleen and qi, drying dampness, promoting urination, stopping sweating, and calming the fetus. Major diseases affecting Bai Zhu include southern blight, mosaic disease, rusty leaf disease, sclerotial blight, root rot, and leaf spot. Among these, root and rhizome diseases like sclerotial blight, root rot, and damping-off are particularly severe.