India’s relationship with Central Asian Republics (CARs) has evolved from historical ties to strategic engagement post-Soviet Union. Central Asia’s geostrategic importance, rich resources, and location at the crossroads of Asia and Europe make it a coveted region. While Western media often portrays it negatively, CARs are transitioning to capitalist economies, facing complex challenges. India’s historical connections with Central Asia date back to the Silk Road era, fostering cultural and economic exchanges. However, the colonial era disrupted these ties. Post-independence, India initially showed limited engagement but shifted in the 1990s, establishing direct connections and adopting an extended neighbourhood doctrine. Despite efforts to enhance trade, India’s trade volume with CARs remains low compared to China and Russia. Barriers include connectivity issues, high tariffs, and competition. Energy cooperation, including the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India (TAPI) pipeline and International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC), holds potential. Security cooperation has also increased, with joint military exercises and strategic partnership agreements. India employs soft power diplomacy through development initiatives, healthcare support, and educational programmes. The USA, China, and Russia compete for influence in Central Asia. China’s economic dominance and Russia’s strategic interests pose challenges for India. Pakistan also presents a barrier to India’s engagement. To deepen its engagement, India needs strategic clarity, regional economic integration, and independent policymaking.