Convective ventilation systems are pivotal for creating thermally comfortable, healthy, and energy-efficient built environments. While advanced air distribution strategies have emerged to meet stringent demands for energy saving and airborne infection control, their development is hindered by inadequate evaluation tools. Traditional ventilation performance indices fail to account for the cooling effects of elevated air movement on both thermal comfort and energy efficiency, and cannot accurately assess the airborne infection risk of diseases like COVID-19. This book systematically addresses these gaps by presenting a comprehensive framework of novel ventilation performance indices. It is structured into three parts: Part I develops indices for thermal comfort that fully incorporate the effects of air temperature, velocity, and humidity; Part II introduces indices for indoor air quality, focusing on models and metrics for airborne infection risk control; Part III proposes indices for energy efficiency that explicitly quantify the impact of air movement. Collectively, these indices provide essential tools for the optimized design and operation of advanced air distribution systems, facilitating the creation of sustainable and livable indoor spaces.