Deep Reinforcement Learning and Fuzzy Logic for Adaptive Multimodal Biometric Image Enhancement and Secure Supply Chain Integration in Smart Systems

The incorporation of multimodal biometric systems has received increasing attention due to their superior accuracy and security in identity verification. However, the quality of biometric images—such as fingerprints, iris, and facial images—remains a critical factor in ensuring accurate authentication. Furthermore, in large-scale intelligent systems, these biometric images must be securely processed and transmitted across multiple nodes in a digital supply chain, introducing new challenges in data protection and integrity. This study proposes a hybrid framework that combines Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) and Fuzzy Logic for adaptive multimodal biometric image enhancement, integrated with secure supply chain mechanisms. DRL is used to intelligently optimize image enhancement parameters based on feedback from quality metrics, enabling dynamic and context-aware preprocessing. Simultaneously, Fuzzy Membership-Based Histogram Equalization (FMHE) addresses contrast and illumination issues through a fuzzy logic-based adaptive process. Notably, the framework embeds a secure supply chain protocol to ensure the integrity, traceability, and authenticity of biometric data as it moves across distributed smart systems—such as those in logistics, healthcare, border control, and IoT-enabled environments Importantly, the framework embeds a secure supply chain protocol to ensure the integrity, traceability, and authenticity of biometric data as it moves across distributed innovative systems such as those in logistics, healthcare, border control, and IoT-enabled environments. Experimental evaluations using diverse biometric datasets demonstrate significant improvements in both image quality and system-level data security. This dual focus on image enhancement and secure data flow positions the framework as a robust solution for real-world smart systems requiring trusted biometric authentication across complex supply chain networks.