Since the human society entered the twenty-first century, countries around the world have been constantly changing, especially China, which is in a period of social transformation. Although as a whole, China has a stable political situation and rapid economic development with steady social progress and basic coordination of various relationships as well as the basic social harmony. However, with acceleration of the process of social transformation, various contradictions and challenges emerge endlessly. To effectively resolve these contradictions and transform these challenges faced in the new era into rare opportunities for development, the Central Committee of the CPC, in its strategic planning for governing the country by rule of law, not only takes comprehensive measures, but also starts from the most fundamental and effective institutional level, improves basic systems, and plugs institutional loopholes. Establishing a system of PPIL is one of the important institutional improvements. In the more than ten years from deployment to pilot and then to comprehensive deployment, the procuratorial organs in China have handled 1.117 million cases of public interest litigation, involving 14 statutory fields such as ecological environment, protection of minors, safety production, anti-monopoly and cultural relics protection, which has effectively supervised the administrative organs to perform their duties in accordance with the law. The PPIL has become one of the “four kinds of procuratorial functions” of the procuratorial organs, which has played a unique role in national governance, effectively promoting the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity in China.