Against the backdrop of global efforts to address climate change and accelerate the deep transformation of energy structures, the world’s energy system is undergoing a major shift from traditional oil and gas dominance to a low-carbon energy era. In the future, the global energy supply landscape will experience a disruptive reshaping, with decarbonization, clean energy, and efficiency becoming a global consensus and inevitable trend. China’s “carbon peak and carbon neutrality” goals have been incorporated into the nation's medium- and long-term development strategy, serving as a core mission for state-owned energy enterprises to fulfill their social responsibilities and demonstrate commitment. For oil and gas field enterprises, accelerating the deployment of new energy sectors and promoting green, low-carbon transformation is not only a strategic choice aligned with the times but also an inherent requirement for reconstructing business ecosystems, building a new energy system, expanding industrial development space, and achieving sustainable survival and high-quality development. This paper, based on national policy directions and industry trends, systematically constructs a green transformation and high-quality development framework for oil and gas field enterprises under the “dual carbon” goals. It focuses on strengthening exploration and development, promoting integrated development of oil and gas with new energy, technological innovation and energy efficiency improvements, and policy coordination and strategic planning. The study provides strategic recommendations for the low-carbon transformation of oil and gas field enterprises, supporting the implementation of China’s “dual carbon” strategy and reshaping the sustainable competitiveness of energy enterprises.