Metaheuristic methods, especially those based on animal behavior, have proliferated over the years, perhaps in an excessive and uncontrolled way, often resulting in duplication of efforts, lack of novelty, and poor or absent theoretical framework. We attribute more value to established metaheuristics in this book but we also consider that experimentation of new techniques should not be suppressed altogether. Therefore, we describe in this chapter two metaheuristics called Fireflies and Cuckoo search that have a non-negligible user community. Along the way, we also introduce some mathematical notions related to random walks and Lévy flights that have interesting applications in search and in other fields.