In agricultural production, traditional meteorological monitoring methods have problems such as untimely data collection, limited monitoring points, and low data analysis efficiency. To address these problems, this paper designs an intelligent monitoring and control system for agricultural meteorological data based on ESP32 (Espressif Systems 32-bit). First, this paper uses the ESP32 microcontroller as the core control unit, and uses its low power consumption, high computing power and powerful wireless communication function to build an expandable agricultural meteorological data acquisition and control platform. Then, the system in this paper transmits the collected meteorological data to the cloud platform through Wi Fi, and processes and stores the real-time data. Finally, in order to achieve intelligent control, this paper designs an automated control strategy based on sensor data, which can automatically adjust under specific conditions to ensure that crops grow under optimal environmental conditions. The experimental results show that the ESP32-based agricultural meteorological data intelligent monitoring and control system performs well in many aspects. Specifically, the temperature error is ± 0.2 °C and the humidity error is ± 3%, which proves the high accuracy and stability of the system. At the same time, the system has excellent response time, and can respond to environmental changes within 1.8 s. The automated control strategy also successfully achieves intelligent regulation. In the above data conclusion, the agricultural meteorological data intelligent monitoring and control system based on ESP32 designed in this paper has broad application prospects in agricultural production and can significantly improve the efficiency of agricultural management.