Women as Pillars of Disaster Resilience: The Case of Women Savings Groups in Cyclone Nargis in Myanmar
摘要
Women are increasingly recognised as pillars of disaster resilience, especially in terms of creating informal networks to improve the social and psychological well-being of their communities, which, in turn, contribute to the overall disaster recovery. This chapter approaches disaster not as an isolated destructive event but as a recurring phenomenon embedded in the lived experiences of both humans and other species. In the first part of the chapter, we conceptualise disaster resilience in terms of connectedness and care, based on insights from ecofeminism and sustainability sciences. We show how connectedness (to others, including other species, lands, and waters) and care can be a ground for resilience, as emotional and collective (as relying on social bonds), and also ecological. We situate this resilience within its socio-ecological context, that often includes non-human bonds such as place attachment and connection to lands, water ecosystems and other species. In the second part of this chapter, we apply these theoretical lenses through a critical reflection process to the case of women’s savings groups in Cyclone Nargis in Myanmar based on a fieldwork conducted in 2013 (Thiru in Social transformations in India, Myanmar, and Thailand: Volume II. Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore, pp 179–210, 2022). Cyclone Nargis devastated large areas in Myanmar, not only in terms of human casualties and damages, but also in terms of ecological and socio-economic changes. This case demonstrates how women participating in savings groups nurture high collective emotional resilience through member solidarity and feelings of connectedness at a “deeper level”. This example also illustrates how collective emotional resilience is inseparable from ecological resilience, as the daily lives of women are intertwined with the river and living away from the banks of the rivers remains unthinkable even at the high risk of flood and storm surge.