This chapter examines how to enhance vocabulary learning in EFL contexts by investigating the learning objectives and practices of university students in Japan. A questionnaire was administered to 468 students from various faculties enrolled in a General Academic English course at a national university, aiming to uncover their learning habits and challenges. The findings revealed several critical issues, including the absence of clear learning goals, an overreliance on classroom-based learning, limited use of supplemental resources for intentional vocabulary learning, and insufficient exposure to English outside the classroom. These results underscore the need to establish explicit vocabulary learning objectives, foster learner autonomy, and provide greater access to diverse and engaging language learning resources. The chapter concludes with practical recommendations for vocabulary instruction in EFL curricula, intending to help each learner achieve their individual goals sustainably and continuously. In particular, it emphasizes the importance of teaching both the value of vocabulary acquisition and practical strategies to achieve it efficiently.