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This study investigates the existence of the Innovation Claudia Curve (ICC) in Finland by examining the nonlinear relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI), GDP per capita, renewable energy consumption (REN), and natural resource rents (NRR) on the load capacity factor (LCF) during the period 1990–2022. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach, the analysis confirms the ICC hypothesis, highlighting a U-shaped nonlinear impact of FDI on environmental efficiency. The results suggest that innovation and renewable energy act as stabilizing forces in the economic, ecological system, while excessive FDI and economic expansion can initially disrupt load capacity utilization. These dynamics reflect the behavior of a complex adaptive system, aligning with the principles of economic cybernetics, where feedback loops and delayed effects shape long-term sustainability outcomes.

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Exploring the Innovation Claudia Curve and Load Capacity Utilization in Finland: An Autoregressive Distributed Lag Approach

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Nora Chiriţă,
  • Jani Kinnunen,
  • Nicolae-Marius Jula,
  • Ştefan-Alexandru Ionescu

摘要

This study investigates the existence of the Innovation Claudia Curve (ICC) in Finland by examining the nonlinear relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI), GDP per capita, renewable energy consumption (REN), and natural resource rents (NRR) on the load capacity factor (LCF) during the period 1990–2022. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach, the analysis confirms the ICC hypothesis, highlighting a U-shaped nonlinear impact of FDI on environmental efficiency. The results suggest that innovation and renewable energy act as stabilizing forces in the economic, ecological system, while excessive FDI and economic expansion can initially disrupt load capacity utilization. These dynamics reflect the behavior of a complex adaptive system, aligning with the principles of economic cybernetics, where feedback loops and delayed effects shape long-term sustainability outcomes.