The diagram of experimental apparatus for inhibiting syngas explosion by wire mesh is shown in Fig. 2.1. The main structure has been described in in the previous work. In this experiment, self-designed wire mesh flame resistance system [the effective area (A) = 100 mm × 100 mm] was adopted and installed inside the vessel by the support rod to prevent the flame propagation. Its main structure included four support rods with 5 mm diameter, two support plates with 3 mm thickness and the multi-layer wire mesh (see in Fig. 2.1). The multi-layer wire mesh was compressed by the two support plates and the pre-tightening force was provided by bolts. To improve the fixed strength of support plate, two stiffeners with 5 mm width were uniformity set in the transverse and longitudinal directions of the opening area. The distance between the flame resistance system and vessel bottom end was 650 mm. Based on the previous works, the flame could fully develop in this length of vessel. Besides, two thermocouples and pressure transmitters were correspondingly installed in the wall surface of flame resistance system two ends [the height (h) = 50 mm]. By changing the syngas concentration and wire mesh layer number, the flame resistance mechanism was analyzed in-depth (Cao et al. in Process Saf Environ Protect 175:34–47, 2023).