This chapter examines women’s empowerment in a rural (water, sanitation, and hygiene) WASH intervention in Cambodia (the Cambodia Project) through the role of the Commune Committee for Women and Children (CCWC), applying the Capability Approach and its three determinants of capability change: access to resources, effective agency, and socio-structural context. Drawing on data from the mid-term and end-term evaluations, the chapter analyses how participation in WASH education and hygiene promotion expanded women’s access to information, skills, and community engagement. While CCWC members developed confidence and leadership capacities, their agency remained largely instrumental. Hierarchical governance arrangements, symbolic leadership roles, and limited decision-making authority constrained women’s ability to influence priorities and resource allocation. Socio-structural factors—including patriarchal norms, gendered expectations of care, and political gatekeeping—further limited the conversion of participation into real freedoms. Although women gained relational and experiential capabilities such as trust and recognition, the findings show that empowerment in rural WASH programmes cannot be inferred from participation or leadership counts alone. Meaningful empowerment depends on whether institutional and social conditions enable women to exercise voice, autonomy, and influence beyond service delivery roles.