This comprehensive exploration delves into the realm of inorganic supported nanocomposites and their remarkable applications in effectively removing toxic contaminants from wastewater. Through a detailed analysis of synthesis methods and characterization techniques, the unique properties and functionalities of these nanocomposites are unveiled. The study focuses on diverse toxic contaminants, highlighting the versatile and highly efficient nature of nanocomposites in wastewater treatment. Furthermore, a deep dive into the underlying mechanisms provides valuable insights into the intricate interactions between the nanocomposites and contaminants. In-depth review of past literature was also made to understand the potential of these nanocomposites, which opens up new avenues for revolutionizing wastewater treatment, leading to cleaner, safer, and more sustainable water resources.