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PhotobioreactorsPhotobioreactors are closed cultivation systems that grow photosynthetic microorganisms like microalgae and cyanobacteria in a controlled environmentEnvironment. The PBR facilitates controlled conditions, viz., carbon dioxide supply, nutrient level, pH, temperature, etc., for higher product purity growth rates. Various construction designs are used for PBRs, such as flat panels, tubular, vertical-column, etc. PBRs produce valuable products like biofuelsBiofuel, pharmaceuticals, pigments and food ingredients. The chapter provides detailed insight into various modes and systems of microalgae cultivationMicroalgae cultivation. The chapter also dealt with various photobioreactorsPhotobioreactors with advantages and limitationsLimitations of each model, mechanism of gas–liquid flow, enhancement of co-transfer and biomass productivity in PBRs, strategies for effective light transfer and nutrient utilization, Scale-up strategies and applications of PBRS. Finally, it discusses the technical and economic challenges with future perspectives.

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Progress and Challenges in Photo-Bioreactors: Development of Photo-Bioreactor Technology and Its Applications in Biofuel Production—Technical and Economical Challenges

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Bobita Ray,
  • Suchitra Rakesh

摘要

PhotobioreactorsPhotobioreactors are closed cultivation systems that grow photosynthetic microorganisms like microalgae and cyanobacteria in a controlled environmentEnvironment. The PBR facilitates controlled conditions, viz., carbon dioxide supply, nutrient level, pH, temperature, etc., for higher product purity growth rates. Various construction designs are used for PBRs, such as flat panels, tubular, vertical-column, etc. PBRs produce valuable products like biofuelsBiofuel, pharmaceuticals, pigments and food ingredients. The chapter provides detailed insight into various modes and systems of microalgae cultivationMicroalgae cultivation. The chapter also dealt with various photobioreactorsPhotobioreactors with advantages and limitationsLimitations of each model, mechanism of gas–liquid flow, enhancement of co-transfer and biomass productivity in PBRs, strategies for effective light transfer and nutrient utilization, Scale-up strategies and applications of PBRS. Finally, it discusses the technical and economic challenges with future perspectives.