Automated recognition of sign languages is critical for improving communication for the deaf and mute community. While Bengali Sign Language (BdSL) has been explored at the alphabet level, word-level recognition remains underdeveloped due to limited datasets and evaluation. In this paper, we conduct a benchmark analysis of three deep learning architectures as 3D CNN, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Temporal Shift Module (TSM)—on a structured Bengali Word-Level Sign Language (BdWLSL) dataset. These models are compared using accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, F1-score, and mean Average Precision (mAP). We further introduce Explainable AI (XAI) visualizations to better understand each model’s decision-making process. Our findings reveal that while LSTM performs slightly better in handling temporal dynamics, the 3D CNN offers a balanced trade-off in capturing spatio-temporal features. This study aims to serve as a foundational benchmark for future BdWLSL recognition tasks.

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Bengali Word-Level Sign Language Recognition Using Deep 3D CNN Architecture and Explainable AI

  • Safi Ullah Chowdhury,
  • Nasima Begum,
  • Tanjina Helaly,
  • Rashik Rahman

摘要

Automated recognition of sign languages is critical for improving communication for the deaf and mute community. While Bengali Sign Language (BdSL) has been explored at the alphabet level, word-level recognition remains underdeveloped due to limited datasets and evaluation. In this paper, we conduct a benchmark analysis of three deep learning architectures as 3D CNN, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Temporal Shift Module (TSM)—on a structured Bengali Word-Level Sign Language (BdWLSL) dataset. These models are compared using accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, F1-score, and mean Average Precision (mAP). We further introduce Explainable AI (XAI) visualizations to better understand each model’s decision-making process. Our findings reveal that while LSTM performs slightly better in handling temporal dynamics, the 3D CNN offers a balanced trade-off in capturing spatio-temporal features. This study aims to serve as a foundational benchmark for future BdWLSL recognition tasks.