Worldwide, the demand for energy and food has increased due to the growth in global population and economy. In Africa, energy and food security are of great concern particularly to resource-poor, smallholder farmers, and communities. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a microbial-driven technology that can be used to convert organic wastes such as food waste, livestock manure and agricultural residues that are often found on farms, to renewable energy in the form of biogas, which can be used for cooking, heating, and lighting. Although AD technology has been widely established in countries like China and India, among others, its adoption in African countries remains stagnant. Valorizing biogas as well as the effluent released from AD reactors, which is termed “digestate,” may promote the economic feasibility and adoption of the AD technology in Africa. Digestate is oftentimes nutrient-rich and contains microorganisms involved in the decomposition of organic wastes; hence it has the potential to be used as a biomass-based biofertilizer. While traditional biofertilizers are typically composed of plant growth-promoting microbes, digestate biomass-based biofertilizers contain various types of microorganisms, nutrients, and organic matter. The digestate can therefore potentially be beneficial for soil health and agricultural productivity, and serve as an alternative to expensive chemical fertilizers. This chapter provides an overview of the biological and chemical properties of digestate. Additionally, the influence of microorganisms associated with the digestate in soil health restoration is discussed. Lastly, the potential of digestate as biomass-based biofertilizers is revealed and recommendations to promote its adoption and use in sustainable agriculture in Africa is provided.