This chapter synthesizes the main findings of the book, showing that Chinese morphological processing follows a dual-route model in which whole-word and morphemic representations coexist and are shaped by linguistic properties, individual factors, and bilingual experience. Temporally, morphology and semantics can be dissociated, while spatially the left frontal cortex emerges as a robust neural marker. Methodologically, we propose a three-stage framework linking corpus analyses, experimental paradigms, and applied insights, and call for multimodal integration, open science practices, and greater ecological validity. Pedagogically and clinically, the findings highlight morphology as a core component of language development, supporting stage-sensitive vocabulary instruction and informing approaches to language disorders. Finally, the chapter points to broader cross-linguistic and interdisciplinary applications, from multilingual education to natural language processing.