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In geotechnical stability analyses involving non-associated soils, three nonlinear iterative schemes are evaluated for their ability to predict failure mechanisms. Based on case studies of a homogeneous soil slope and a multi-layered soil slope, three schemes, namely the Newton-Raphson (NR) scheme, the NR scheme with the modified Davis formula (NR (mDavis)) and the accelerated initial stiffness (acc.IS) scheme, are analyzed in detail. Results indicate that the NR (mDavis) scheme demonstrates greater numerical stability than the standard NR approach and yields comparable factors of safety (FOS), but the failure mechanisms predicted by the NR (mDavis) scheme appear unaffected to variations in the dilation angle when non-associated plasticity is converted to associated plasticity via the Davis formula. Both the NR and acc.IS schemes produce close FOS values and failure mechanisms. Nevertheless, in cases of high non-associativity, the NR may exhibit nonnegligible deviations from expected FOS results due to dramatic oscillation in its strength reduction factor (SRF)-step curve, whereas the acc.IS scheme consistently provides reliable solutions. Additionally, the acc.IS scheme may also identify slip surfaces that are legible and clearly defined, exhibiting good performance in predicting failure mechanisms in complex geotechnical problems.

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An Investigation of Some Nonlinear Iterative Schemes for Predicting Geotechnical Failure Mechanism Involving Non-associated Soil Plasticity

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Xi Chen,
  • Chenlu Wang,
  • Zhikai Yan,
  • Zhe Xu,
  • Liusheng Cui,
  • Saif Ullah

摘要

In geotechnical stability analyses involving non-associated soils, three nonlinear iterative schemes are evaluated for their ability to predict failure mechanisms. Based on case studies of a homogeneous soil slope and a multi-layered soil slope, three schemes, namely the Newton-Raphson (NR) scheme, the NR scheme with the modified Davis formula (NR (mDavis)) and the accelerated initial stiffness (acc.IS) scheme, are analyzed in detail. Results indicate that the NR (mDavis) scheme demonstrates greater numerical stability than the standard NR approach and yields comparable factors of safety (FOS), but the failure mechanisms predicted by the NR (mDavis) scheme appear unaffected to variations in the dilation angle when non-associated plasticity is converted to associated plasticity via the Davis formula. Both the NR and acc.IS schemes produce close FOS values and failure mechanisms. Nevertheless, in cases of high non-associativity, the NR may exhibit nonnegligible deviations from expected FOS results due to dramatic oscillation in its strength reduction factor (SRF)-step curve, whereas the acc.IS scheme consistently provides reliable solutions. Additionally, the acc.IS scheme may also identify slip surfaces that are legible and clearly defined, exhibiting good performance in predicting failure mechanisms in complex geotechnical problems.