Applying computational thinking in daily life and work means understanding the things and events around readers by using the way computers work as an analogy and engaging with them actively. As a result, readers gain an incredibly clear understanding of these things and events and can compute very efficiently. To achieve this, four essential concepts are indispensable. This chapter introduces three of them: abstraction, modeling, and virtualization (the remaining one will be introduced in the next Chap. 3 ). Computational thinking encompasses not only arithmetic operations like addition and multiplication, but also the broader process of generating new information from existing information. These three (four) key concepts can be seen as the fundamental operations for creating new information. Some may not be familiar with the terms abstraction, modeling, and virtualization in everyday conversation, but here are examples showing how these concepts function right around us. At the end of this chapter, we introduce the field of information design to reaffirm the characteristics of computational thinking. Readers will see that the goal of information design—to make the representation and communication of information and knowledge more flexible and richer—is closely connected to computational thinking as a methodology for generating new information.