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This chapter is written to provide foundational knowledge about computers for readers unfamiliar with computer science, serving as a primer. Jeannette Wing, who proposed computational thinking, defined it as “thinking like a computer scientist.” Computer science is a discipline that seeks to understand the nature of the world based on the worldview of information and computation. Computer science is a relatively young field, having only begun to be recognized as an academic discipline around the mid-twentieth century. This chapter explains the origins and concepts of computer science, detailing unique ideas not found in other academic fields, while carefully guiding beginners to understanding. This chapter provides a clear definition of computational thinking by examining the thought processes of computer scientists. It includes a wealth of concrete examples to enhance understanding. A comprehensive perspective is offered by contrasting the meaning of computation with concepts from physics, logic, philosophy, and mathematics. It also addresses the relationship between programming and computational thinking, which is often confused, as well as its connections to deep learning and generative AI.

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What is Computational Thinking?—Think as Computer Scientists Do

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Hideyuki Nakashima,
  • Keiji Hirata

摘要

This chapter is written to provide foundational knowledge about computers for readers unfamiliar with computer science, serving as a primer. Jeannette Wing, who proposed computational thinking, defined it as “thinking like a computer scientist.” Computer science is a discipline that seeks to understand the nature of the world based on the worldview of information and computation. Computer science is a relatively young field, having only begun to be recognized as an academic discipline around the mid-twentieth century. This chapter explains the origins and concepts of computer science, detailing unique ideas not found in other academic fields, while carefully guiding beginners to understanding. This chapter provides a clear definition of computational thinking by examining the thought processes of computer scientists. It includes a wealth of concrete examples to enhance understanding. A comprehensive perspective is offered by contrasting the meaning of computation with concepts from physics, logic, philosophy, and mathematics. It also addresses the relationship between programming and computational thinking, which is often confused, as well as its connections to deep learning and generative AI.