Virtual-Force-Algorithm-Based Wireless Monitoring Deployment for Transmission Lines

With the advancement of new power system construction and the “dual-carbon” goals, ultra-high voltage (UHV) and extra-high voltage (EHV) transmission lines have become critical infrastructure for cross-regional renewable energy integration. However, their deployment across complex terrains (e.g., mountains, deserts, and uninhabited areas) exposes them to multiple threats, including ice accumulation, conductor galloping, lightning strikes, and external damage. Traditional manual inspection methods faces the shortcomings of long cycles, high costs, and an inability to achieve real-time monitoring. To enable more effective online monitoring of transmission lines, this paper proposes a wireless sensor network (WSN) deployment scheme for transmission line condition monitoring based on an improved virtual force algorithm. The proposed method addresses key technical challenges such as signal coverage and stability, energy supply constraints, environmental adaptability design, and data fusion with intelligent processing. It significantly enhances WSN coverage while reducing deployment costs, thereby supporting the optimization and improvement of smart grid monitoring systems.