Formulation of Optimal Planning for Isolated Hybrid Energy Systems as a Multi-period Techno-Economic Optimization Problem

Access to reliable electricity remains a critical challenge in remote communities where grid connection is impractical due to geographical and economic constraints. Addressing this issue requires innovative energy solutions that ensure both supply stability and economic viability, balancing technical performance with long-term affordability in often resource-constrained environments. This paper formulates a multi-period optimization (MPO) model to support long-term planning for a hybrid energy system (HES) integrating solar PV, wind, diesel, and battery storage. The objective is to minimize Net Present Cost (NPC), comprising Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) and Operating Expenditure (OPEX). This study presents an innovative assistance program in the planning process of isolated energy systems with a reliable and sustainable energy strategy throughout the life of the project.