Renewable Energy, Green Materials, Techno-Economic Analysis, Surplus Capacity, Industrial Decarbonization

This study explores the feasibility and industrial potential of achieving 200 percent renewable energy capacity by 2050 in Australia, Norway, Saudi Arabia, and Chile. Using a combined techno-economic model and multi-criteria decision analysis, it assesses how surplus renewable electricity—beyond domestic needs—can support the production of green materials such as steel, aluminum, and ammonia. The findings suggest that while all four nations possess favorable natural resources, their readiness varies due to differences in infrastructure, investment capacity, and policy frameworks. Norway and Chile show near-term feasibility with supportive energy systems and clear policy pathways. In contrast, Australia and Saudi Arabia face more complex grid and financing challenges. Instead of prioritizing energy exports, the study suggests that using surplus electricity for industrial decarbonization offers stronger economic and environmental value. These insights offer strategic guidance for tailoring national renewable energy policies toward green industrial transformation.