Cyber Dynamics: A Flexible Solution to Shape the Future Grid Dynamics

This paper presents a more general term for those characteristics that are provided by the grid-forming (GFM) converters to improve the grid stability and performance. Over the past two decades, different terms such as virtual impedance, virtual inertia, virtual synchronous generators (VSGs), virtual synchronous machine (VSM), virtual droop, and damping have been used to describe the mentioned desirable characteristics. Here, the cyber dynamics term is introduced to name all these emulated properties and more, which in the past could only be taken from physical systems. This paper opens a new window on how GFM converters can create desirable dynamics to shape a power grid softly and flexibly. Several examples are given to show the usefulness and generality of the new applied term.