Current Modalities (Optical) in Correction of Myopia: Spectacles/Contact Lenses
摘要
The first spectacles are said to have originated in Italy in 1400s [2]. The original design included a frame to hold right and left spectacle cells, riveted together with a capacity to slide over the nose. However, this needed to be held by hand. This was made of quartz, with a power of magnification likely a guesswork was mostly used by presbyopes [3]. In 1600s, lenses with better optical quality (molten silicate) fitted in a bow-shaped frame made of leather or whalebone were developed but still needed hand support. In eighteenth century, London optician Edward Scarlett developed the modern style spectacles which were kept in place with short arms with gentle pressure on temples [4]. The Concept of astigmatism was put forth [5], and the first toric lens was produced around 1827. Even though myopia was described as early as Confucius, lenses to correct myopia appeared much later [6]. Only in 1864 was accommodation clearly separated from refraction anomalies and a clear concept of myopia was introduced [7].