Nanotechnology is a rapidly developing field of science concerned with the production and utilization of nanomaterials. Its rapid evolution in plant sciences has unfolded new opportunities to agriculture, which has far-reaching implications for the food chain. The possible advantages of plant nanotechnology, such as enhanced nutrient bioavailability and food security, are weighed against toxicity, bioaccumulation, and regulation. Additionally, accelerated industrialization, modernization, and technological boom have resulted in indiscriminate use of nanoparticles, hence nanowaste accumulating in the environment. The current chapter calls for attention to the fact that heightened use of nanomaterials can pave the way for nanoparticles and nanowaste release into the environment, which may contaminate the food chain by traversing varied routes of the ecosystem. Oxidative stress produced by nanoparticles in plants and their ability to enter the human body through food consumption is discussed in this chapter as well. In plant systems, nanoparticles in excess trigger nanotoxicity through over generation of reactive oxygen species which gives rise to oxidative stress. This, therefore, enhances the chances of nanoparticles exposure to human populations, and therefore further studies into its environmental and health impacts even more important. Through case studies and new research, this chapter presents an even-handed overview of the applications, risks, and ethical issues of applying nanotechnology in plant systems. With increasing global food demand, the long-term effects of plant nanotechnology on the food chain are important to comprehend to assure a sustainable and safe future for agriculture.