Industrial waste, agricultural effluent, and urbanization all contribute to soil and water contamination, which poses a threat to the environment, human health, and the balance of the ecosystem. In order to mitigate the severity of these effects, remediation techniques aim to eliminate, neutralize, or confine pollutants. This chapter examines several of the most critical methods for the remediation of polluted areas, such as physical, chemical, biological, and hybrid methods. Methods such as thermal desorption, solidification/stabilization, and soil scouring can be employed to address heavy metal and hydrocarbon contamination in soils. The utilization of natural processes to cleanse soils is facilitated by bioremediation techniques, such as phytoremediation, which involves the use of plants and microbes. These solutions are both environmentally conscious and cost-effective. In water remediation, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), membrane filtration, and adsorption using materials like activated carbon and biochar effectively target organic and inorganic pollutants. Emerging technologies, such as nanomaterials and electrochemical treatments, enhance the efficiency of pollutant removal in both media. Hybrid remediation strategies, integrating multiple approaches, are gaining traction for complex contamination scenarios. For instance, combining bioremediation with chemical oxidation can accelerate the degradation of persistent pollutants. While these methods show promise, challenges remain in scaling up, ensuring cost-effectiveness, and minimizing secondary environmental impacts. This chapter underscores the importance of selecting site-specific and pollutant-specific remediation strategies. Advancements in technology, coupled with strong regulatory frameworks and community engagement, are critical to addressing soil and water contamination and promoting sustainable environmental management.