Driven by the convergence of big data and deep learning techniques, a paradigm shift in artificial intelligence (AI) has been observed since 2015, which marks a new era in AI development. The exponential growth of AI is fueled by emerging technologies, such as mobile internet, big data analytics, supercomputing, sensor networks, and advancements in brain science. Furthermore, socioeconomic factors, including the demands of economic and social progress, exacerbate this surge. Noteworthy characteristics of this advancement include deep learning capabilities, integration across multiple modalities, enhanced human–computer collaboration, the fostering open group intelligence, and the achievement of autonomous control. Consequently, AI technologies are swiftly being developed and deployed across diverse industries. Against this backdrop, a consortium of 19 esteemed academicians, including Xu Kuangdi from the Chinese Academy of Engineering, proposed the initiation of China Artificial Intelligence 2.0, a major scientific and technological endeavor. This proposal garnered significant attention and endorsement from leaders within the Party and state. Subsequently, in July 2017, the State Council unveiled the Development Plan of the New Generation Artificial Intelligence, delineating strategic roadmap of China for AI development until 2030. Notably, AI has emerged as a pivotal arena for international competition, serving as a catalyst for economic growth, an avenue for societal advancement, and a transformative force in national defense strategies.