Culture encompasses not only the traditions, norms, and practices of a group defined by demographics and location, but also the expression of ethnolinguistic idioms, terms, and phrases related to emotional distress and psychological pain unique to that sociocultural group. These cultural idioms of distress (CID) influence the appropriateness of descriptive language and the acceptance of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings. Instances of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder are identified and categorized in African languages in ways that mitigate psychological distress and diminish responsibility by attributing issues to spiritual concerns, possession by demons, or divine punishment. This chapter will begin by presenting examples of various CID expressed by African refugees and exploring their significance regarding stigma and barriers to effective mental health treatment. This discussion will lead to an investigation of the influence of culture and identity among African refugees on their efforts to integrate, assimilate, and acculturate in host societies, providing contextual paradigms and examples that facilitate or impede these processes. The chapter will conclude with an examination of the determinants, challenges, and successes of community-based mental health and psychosocial interventions that enhance resilience and promote the empowerment of African refugees in their environments.