The refugees and internally displaced people in East Africa have psychological issues that intensify over time due to the loss of identity, prolonged uncertainty, limited access to essential services, and disrupted social networks, which are majorly associated with long-term resettlement and inadequate support. This chapter considers hope, resilience, and ethical practice as core concepts when designing effective mental health interventions. Resilience, as the ability to cope with stressful situations and get back to a state of normalcy, and hope, as the ability to accept that life can get better, are essential to displaced individuals. Ethical practice ensures that certified interventions are fair, culturally sensitive, and able to uphold human dignity, hence increasing efficiency and credibility. Targeted strategies should enhance resilience and hope, particularly among vulnerable groups such as women, youth, and children, who often face heightened risks. The chapter describes typical ethical issues characteristic of humanitarian mental health practice and focuses on the means to involve the community and work in a team so that services are relevant to the cultural background of the targeted community. The case studies presented later on from Kenyan and Ugandan refugee camps demonstrate how fostering optimism and resilience might enhance refugee mental health interventions. These tactics approached issues comprehensively by not only putting immediate suffering to rest but also giving people and communities the knowledge, skills, and resilience needed to effectively handle future crises. It is proposed that refugees develop resilience and hope to overcome challenges, which lead to sustained social transformation in their communities through these strategies. As a result, the chapter offers suggestions for practices which serve to mainstream mental health into humanitarian programming for crisis-affected populations using ethically sound, culturally appropriate ways. The chapter retains resilience and hope as core principles, which conveys the absolute necessity of prioritizing mental health in every aspect of responsivity in East Africa’s humanitarian efforts, so that interventions embody human dignity, empower and make people resilient to withstand challenges.