Research on biofuels made from agricultural leftovers has accelerated due to the growing need for sustainable energy on a worldwide scale. Through a variety of thermochemical and biochemical conversion techniques, this research investigates the potential of almond shell wastes as a feasible feedstock for the generation of biofuel. Particle size and residence time are important factors in product dispersion, and in the first instance, pyrolysis of almond hulls at 450 °C. The second research produced high-value bio-liquid with little carbon loss by employing hydrothermal hydrogenation at 250 °C with Ru/CNF catalyst. In the first instance, pyrolysis of almond hulls at 450 °C produced an ideal bio-oil yield of around 45 weight percent; the distribution of the product was greatly influenced by particle size and residence time. In the second investigation, bio-liquids with a 60% conversion efficiency and no carbon loss were produced by hydrothermal hydrogenation at 250 °C using a Ru/CNF catalyst. Smaller particle sizes and longer processing times improved the antioxidant effectiveness of hull extracts, with 89% inhibitory efficiency in corrosion tests, according to the third study, which concentrated on extracting bioactive components. Up to 68.2 mg GAE/g DW in total phenolic were obtained in the fourth example, which employed ultrasound-assisted extraction for phenolic compounds. The comparison shows that the most important factors in optimizing the production of biofuel or bio-products are temperature, particle size, residence time, and catalyst selection. These results highlight the adaptability of almond hulls in energy recovery and their compatibility with the objectives of the sustainable bio-economy. This study encourages the advancement of scalable conversion methods for the value adding of almond hulls.