The main function of a double-row tapered roller bearing for an automobile hub is to provide accurate guidance for the rotation of the hub, which includes an outer ring with double raceway, a double inner ring, multiple tapered rollers, and double cages. This chapter takes a double-row tapered roller bearing as the research object. Based on the workbench platform of ANSYS, the FE model of a double-row tapered roller bearing under constraint and load is established, and the distribution law of equivalent stress and equivalent strain of the tapered roller bearing under different axial preloads is studied. The results show that with the increase of axial preload, the maximum equivalent stress and equivalent strain of the double-row tapered roller bearing decrease first and then increase gradually. When the axial preload is 10 kN, the maximum equivalent stress and equivalent strain reach the minimum value. Therefore, when a certain axial preload is applied to the inner ring side of a double-row tapered roller bearing, the equivalent stress and equivalent strain of the bearing can be reduced significantly, and the service life of the bearing can be improved. However, the excessive axial stress increases the equivalent stress of the bearing, which is not conducive to the use of the bearing.