In response to the exponential growth of the e-commerce market in China and the resultant challenges in large-scale warehousing and sorting, an innovative solution has been devised: an intelligent logistics robot. This robot was powered by the STM32F407 microcontroller and integrates various sensors including the HWT101 gyroscope, Hall encoders, and the MaixII-Sense vision module. Moreover, it addressed complexities such as integrated ground-space utilization and irregular cargo handling through the implementation of a gear meshing lifting mechanism tailored to specific shelves and a two-link three-axis mechanical arm. The communication backbone of this intelligent logistics robot was the CAN bus, ensuring efficient data transmission and control. For precise positioning, it employed a closed-loop proportional differential control algorithm, which relied on rotational speed feedback for accuracy. Navigation was facilitated by the utilization of the Hough line recognition algorithm, which, in combination with sensor data, enabled effective path planning. Furthermore, the robot exceled in cargo sorting tasks by leveraging OpenCV-based digital image processing for object recognition. This advanced technology enabled the intelligent robot to swiftly identify and sort various types of items with high accuracy. Experimental evaluations have demonstrated the effectiveness of this logistics robot in efficiently completing tasks related to cargo transportation and sorting. Notably, its positioning and navigation.