Drought is a recurring natural disaster with severe consequences for agriculture, water resources, and socio-economic systems. The increasing frequency of droughts due to climate change necessitates improved monitoring and predictive capabilities. Traditional methods rely on ground-based observations, which provide high accuracy but are often spatially sparse (Wilhite et al., 2000). In contrast, satellite remote sensing offers a spatially comprehensive and temporally frequent approach, though it may be influenced by factors such as cloud cover and sensor calibration (Du et al., 2013; Wu et al., 2015). This paper reviews key studies in drought assessment using remote sensing data and indices, focusing on methodological advancements and applications in different climatic regions.