Bioactive substances found in marine natural products have shown great promise in biomedicine, especially in the prevention and treatment of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. A wide variety of structurally varied and physiologically powerful chemicals have emerged as a result of the particular environmental stresses and biodiversity of marine ecosystems. These marine bioactives are potential options for treating complicated neurological diseases because they have a variety of therapeutic and preventive qualities, such as neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Notably, because of overlapping biological pathways, substances like fucoidan, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and different marine polysaccharides have demonstrated benefit across a range of diseases. Pharmaceuticals generated from marine sources have previously helped treat conditions like Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Alpers disease, and Sandhoff disease. Marine bioactives present a potent pathway for the development of novel treatments as life expectancy rises worldwide and the prevalence of neurological illnesses increases. A revolutionary breakthrough in world healthcare might be achieved if these marine substances are further investigated and incorporated into therapeutic approaches. This could lead to the management or perhaps cure of diseases that are presently thought to be incurable.