The Biology of Fungal Enzyme and the Foundation for Mycoremediation
摘要
Fungal enzyme systems are important in environmental sustainability as they potently degrade complex organic molecules, including cellulose, lignin, PAHs, and plastics. Enzymes like laccases, peroxidases, cellulases, and proteases are utilized in biofuel, food, textile, and pharmaceutical industries because of their stability and effectiveness. Mycoremediation is an environmentally friendly solution compared to conventional methods due to the sustainable utilization of mycelium to remediate pollutants. Specific enzymes, such as laccases and peroxidases, are particularly suitable in degrading dyes, hydrocarbons, and PCBs. These enzymes are generated by fungi: P. chrysosporium, Pleurotus spp., and T. versicolor. Also, lipases, esterases, and cutinases of such species as Fusarium solani or Aspergillus niger are promising in the degradation of plastics. P. chrysosporium specialized in degrading the persistent pollutants. This chapter emphasizes the prospect of fungal enzymes as a scalable, environmentally friendly formulation of biotechnological solutions but remark that fungal consortia present a relevant direction into the future of mycoremediation.