The actual costs of production are based on labor consumption. The means of production consumed in the production process is materialized labor, while actual labor would also be consumed. Therefore, the real costs of production include two parts: materialized labor consumption and actual labor consumption. Due to different production technologies and the features of products, the proportion of these two parts in the costs of production vary from product to product. Hence, there are labor-intensive and capital-intensive economies. The former refers to the economy in which actual labor consumption accounts for the more significant proportion, while the latter is the opposite. This division is related to the type of technological innovation. If “labor-saving” technical measures (that is, the proportion of labor consumption in product costs can be reduced) are adopted, the proportion of the capital-intensive economy will increase. If “capital-saving” technical measures (that is, the ratio of materialized labor consumption in product costs can be reduced) are adopted, the ratio of the labor-intensive economy will increase. This paper examines the evolution of developing countries’ economic structures in the modernization process, based on the above classification of economies, and then tries to theoretically explore a technological innovation approach that is beneficial for developing countries in both short and longer term.