Humans are the core of society, and intelligent manufacturing ultimately needs to satisfy and rely on sustainable human development. This chapter, builds upon the emerging “Human-centricity” perspective, and further elaborates on the main principles of “Human-centered intelligent manufacturing” proposed by the author’s team in 2020. It explores human-centered intelligent manufacturing from various perspectives, including human-centered problems, development trends, human factors, technical architecture, enabling technologies, and applications. Finally, this chapter reviews and analyzes the social and technical challenges currently facing human-centered intelligent manufacturing and offers suggestions from the perspectives of policy, enterprise, and scientific research. These include policy initiatives to enhance the ethical framework for human–machine coexistence technology, prioritizing high-quality employee training within enterprises, and advancing fundamental research in emerging technologies. Together, these efforts aim to promote the future development and application of human-centered intelligent manufacturing by following a human-centered artificial intelligence (HCAI) approach.