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Biological impacts of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP) accident have been demonstrated in the pale grass blue butterfly, Zizeeria maha, based on field surveys and laboratory experiments that reproduced field conditions. Field surveys have been performed in seven polluted reference localities and in many other localities throughout Japan. Here, we report compiled results of 11-year field surveys, 2011–2021, in the seven reference localities. We also report the results of field surveys, 2013–2024, in Iitate Village. In the reference localities, the morphological abnormality rate peaked in May 2012 and then decreased to the levels of unpolluted localities by 2016. However, Fukushima City had a recurrent peak in August 2014. In Iitate Village, the morphological abnormality rate was relatively high in 2013 and decreased in subsequent years but then increased to the previous level in 2021. These data suggest that adverse biological effects may be recurrent in polluted areas such as Fukushima City and Iitate Village. We speculate that the recurrence may originate from various mechanisms, including synergistic effects of radiation exposure with nonradiation factors, a decrease in genetic diversity in previous years as a result of the initial exposure, and plant stress responses to chronic low-dose radiation exposure in the field.

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Decade-Long Surveys of Morphological Abnormalities of the Pale Grass Blue Butterfly After the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident in the Seven Localities and Iitate Village

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  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Ko Sakauchi,
  • Wataru Taira,
  • Nobuyoshi Ito,
  • Joji M. Otaki

摘要

Biological impacts of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP) accident have been demonstrated in the pale grass blue butterfly, Zizeeria maha, based on field surveys and laboratory experiments that reproduced field conditions. Field surveys have been performed in seven polluted reference localities and in many other localities throughout Japan. Here, we report compiled results of 11-year field surveys, 2011–2021, in the seven reference localities. We also report the results of field surveys, 2013–2024, in Iitate Village. In the reference localities, the morphological abnormality rate peaked in May 2012 and then decreased to the levels of unpolluted localities by 2016. However, Fukushima City had a recurrent peak in August 2014. In Iitate Village, the morphological abnormality rate was relatively high in 2013 and decreased in subsequent years but then increased to the previous level in 2021. These data suggest that adverse biological effects may be recurrent in polluted areas such as Fukushima City and Iitate Village. We speculate that the recurrence may originate from various mechanisms, including synergistic effects of radiation exposure with nonradiation factors, a decrease in genetic diversity in previous years as a result of the initial exposure, and plant stress responses to chronic low-dose radiation exposure in the field.