Integrated Microfluidics-Based Sensing Chip for Biomedical Applications
摘要
Microfluidics has found widespread application in the development of biosensors due to the numerous advantages gained from miniaturization and the numerous techniques available to leverage these advantages to improve biosensing capabilities. This chapter first describes these advantages broadly, including reduction in sample volume, advantages gained from scaling down, multiplexing, cost reduction, enhanced mass transport, accelerated kinetics, and additional preconcentration possibilities. Then, the various methods of fluid manipulation are described with examples of their commercialized applications. These methods include pneumatic microfluidics, centrifugal microfluidics, capillary microfluidics, lateral flow tests, paper/textile/thread microfluidics, digital Electrowetting-on-Dielectric (EWOD)-based microfluidics, and others. Following this, various modalities of biosensors, including electrochemical, optical, magnetic, and emerging technologies, are described, along with their integration into microfluidic devices, accompanied by examples of commercial biosensors. Finally, a short discussion on the challenges with integrating microfluidics with biosensors and prospective applications, and a perspective on microfluidic biosensors is presented.