Gradual Participation in the UAE: Milestones and Ongoing Challenges in the Path to Electoral Inclusivity
摘要
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) embarked on a significant political journey by introducing legislative elections in 2006 to select half of the members for its National Federal Council (FNC). Only a limited pool of the electorate is permitted to vote, with a number that has incrementally increased over subsequent elections, in a gradual progression of citizen’s inclusion into the electoral processes. In the most recent ones, held in October 2023, however, less than half of the eligible citizenry were granted voting rights. Analysing voter participation, which has averaged at 43% turnout among registered voters across the five elections, reveals the complexities and challenges within this evolving political landscape. Conspicuously, the UAE has achieved significant milestones in gender equality and women's political empowerment. Since the 2019 elections, a 50 per cent quota for women has been enforced, in addition to the election of the first female speaker of the FNC. This chapter offers an in-depth examination of the UAE’s five elections from 2006 to 2023, the norms applied and changes implemented, evaluating that gradual inclusion of citizens, and assessing those elections within the broader framework of electoral studies.