Against the backdrop of rapidly evolving information technology and accelerated globalization of the language service industry, translation technologies have been widely applied in the field and have become a powerful tool for addressing the vast translation demand that traditional human translation alone cannot meet, while also profoundly transforming current translation practices. With the advancement of information technology, computational linguistics, terminology studies, and machine translation, translation has shifted from purely human translation to a human-computer interactive mode supported by multiple translation technologies (O’Brien 2012), where interaction between translators and various forms of translation technologies is indispensable at every stage, including pre-translation, during-translation, and post-translation. Among these, the successful application of machine translation and computer-assisted translation technologies has made machine translation post-editing and computer-assisted translation the two most prevalent translation modes in today’s language service industry. Compared with any previous period in history, the interaction between translators and technology today is more complex and profound in physiological, psychological, and cognitive terms (O’Brien 2020). The technological turn in translation has posed new challenges to the delineation of the field, theoretical construction, and translation teaching (O’Hagan 2013; Chen 2014; Zhang 2020). For translators, the human-machine interactive mode has fundamentally altered the cognitive processing of translation and reshaped their overall understanding of translation activity, with increasingly diverse factors now involved in the cognitive process of such interaction.