The province of North Sulawesi in Indonesia successfully avoided the kind of ethnoreligious conflict in which several neighboring provinces became embroiled at the turn of the twenty-first century during democratization and decentralization, and has built up an identity which is based on religious harmony. At the same time, the local situation is inextricably linked to the national one, and ongoing anxiety about whether the province will remain majority Christian in future generations influences the way in which religious and ethnic identity are used to respond to concerns about national-level Muslim dominance. Focusing on the realm of politics but also drawing on in-depth ethnographic research and experience, the chapter examines several events and developments in local and national context: the emergence of adat-based organizations drawing on ethnic and religious identity in Manado, responses to the blasphemy charges against the ethnic Chinese and Christian governor of Jakarta in 2017, and protests against national figures with Islamist sympathies (Fahri Hamzah, Bahar bin Smith). We consider the response of adat organizations as a case of “majoritarianism refracted,” as local groups respond to perceived Muslim dominance on a national level by asserting their own local majority as Minahasan Christians, essentially refracting aspects of majoritarianism in terms of its strategies and rhetoric.

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Christianity and Ethnic Identity to Resist Muslim Dominance in a Province of ‘Religious Harmony’: Majoritarianism Refracted in North Sulawesi

  • Erica M. Larson,
  • Nono S. A. Sumampouw

摘要

The province of North Sulawesi in Indonesia successfully avoided the kind of ethnoreligious conflict in which several neighboring provinces became embroiled at the turn of the twenty-first century during democratization and decentralization, and has built up an identity which is based on religious harmony. At the same time, the local situation is inextricably linked to the national one, and ongoing anxiety about whether the province will remain majority Christian in future generations influences the way in which religious and ethnic identity are used to respond to concerns about national-level Muslim dominance. Focusing on the realm of politics but also drawing on in-depth ethnographic research and experience, the chapter examines several events and developments in local and national context: the emergence of adat-based organizations drawing on ethnic and religious identity in Manado, responses to the blasphemy charges against the ethnic Chinese and Christian governor of Jakarta in 2017, and protests against national figures with Islamist sympathies (Fahri Hamzah, Bahar bin Smith). We consider the response of adat organizations as a case of “majoritarianism refracted,” as local groups respond to perceived Muslim dominance on a national level by asserting their own local majority as Minahasan Christians, essentially refracting aspects of majoritarianism in terms of its strategies and rhetoric.