Folk festivalsRitual emphasize the interplay between tradition and history, while at the same time highlighting the creative dimension of festival-making and embodying the practical purposes of the present. The traditional consciousness embedded in folk festivals is essentially a form of historical consciousness, whereas the motivation and background for creating festivals reflect the festival creators’ realistic consciousness. Seasonal festivals constitute the cultural roots of Chinese civilization. From ancient times to contemporary TaiwanTaiwan, they have maintained an inseparable bond with people’s modes of production, everyday life, and social practices. Taiwanese folk festivals not only inherit the traditional cultureCulture of the Han people but also encompass indigenousIndigenous celebrations rooted in localLocal religious rituals. Folk festivals in agrarian society were closely aligned with the farming calendar and had many meanings—prayers to receive blessings, protection from misfortune, artistic expression, communal leisure time, and social cohesionCohesion. You see everything from religious worship, sacrificial rites, communal gatherings, procession of deities, decorations of temples, displays of lanternsLantern, firecracker rituals, dragon and lion dances, sedan-chair parades, stilt performances, and many other folk arts during these celebrations. This chapter invites readers to explore folk festivals within a social context: through the prism of seasonal cyclesSeasonal cycles and the experiences of temple fairs, to consider the practices of festivals and the ways in which contemporary cultural and creative industriesCreative industries have been shaped around and through folk performanceFolk performances, celebrations, and traditions. By mappingMapping how people of the past derived festival practices from the worship of nature and belief in their ancestors, the chapter hopes to augment readers’ thoughts and encourage creativity in imagining future festival innovations.