Traditional festivals have long been associated with the cycles of the four seasons and the celebration of annual eventsEvent. Since ancient times, as early as the construction of Göbekli Tepe, human societies have established sacred centers and gathered for collectiveCollective prayers, giving rise to communal rituals rooted in faith. When festivals originated, they were associated with themes such as mythology, religion, and cultural traditions. Today, some of the most used nationalNational and international terms for festivals are “celebration” and “carnivalCarnival.” In English, terms including festival, fair, event, gala, mega-event, hallmark event all have accompanying associations and interpretations in the senseSense of joy and festivity. To this end, this chapter examines the origins and definitions of world festivals, underscoring the role of religion, cultureCulture, and seasonal change in their development. It also examines the ancient Chinese seasonal festivals, based on evidence from oracle bone inscriptions, bronze inscriptions, and small seal scripts, to explain what “festivals and folk customs” mean. In so doing, it shows the intricate relationships that bind festivals and culturalCultural practices. Ultimately, this chapter situates traditional festivals within the agrarian social context, attempting to rethink and reconstruct their traditional values and their lasting cultural significance.