Migration, Gender, and Well-Being: Perspectives of “Left-Behind” Women

Drawing on qualitative research comprising semi-structured in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with women from migrant and non-migrant households in Kalahandi and Balangir districts of Odisha, this study explores their multifaceted experiences. The chapter particularly examines their experiences surrounding work, livelihood, health, and family dynamics in the context of migration. The necessity of migration emerges as a coping mechanism in the face of failed public employment schemes and precarious working conditions at destinations. Moreover, the research sheds light on the interconnectedness of migration and increased care responsibilities, especially in the absence of male members in the family, impacting women’s access to resources, including healthcare services. It shows the dearth of institutionalized medical facilities, chronic health issues, and the trivialization of health problems among women, accentuated by the absence of state support. Furthermore, our analysis explores the drivers of migration—from economic deprivation to aspirations among young individuals. It also delves into the dynamics of care work within households and the social bonds formed among women due to shared experiences in migrant households. Ultimately, this chapter underscores the intricate intersection of migration, family, health, and livelihood, encapsulating the textured lived realities of women in these migration-prone regions.