After its founding on October first, 1949, China’s foreign policy constituted of two basic elements which impacted upon the alliance with the Soviet Union and confrontation with the United States. Before the rupture in Sino-Soviet relations, the alliance was a pillar of China’s foreign policy which also served as strategic underpinning for China’s confrontation with the United States. China’s policy toward the United States was deeply influenced by its relations with the Soviet Union. Therefore, how to deal with its relations with the United States was also a significant factor in developing China’s relations with the Soviet Union. Viewed from a historical perspective, the deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations was the crucial contextual factor contributing to the resolute determination of the Chinese leaders to open up relations with the United States. Hence, a systematic and thorough analysis of the cause and process of the rupture in Sino-Soviet relations is indispensable to reveal the adjustment in China’s foreign policy and its policy toward the United States.