This chapter presents empirical results on the impact of green trade barriers on pollution emission intensity in Chinese firms. Using methods like Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and Difference-in-Differences (DID), the study finds that green trade barriers significantly reduce chemical oxygen demand (COD) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) emissions. The results hold after robustness checks and additional tests such as parallel trend and placebo tests. Further analysis reveals that the effectiveness of these barriers varies by firm characteristics (e.g., trade mode, ownership structure), regional regulatory intensity, and industry pollution levels. Mechanisms such as reduced production scale, technological innovation, and resource reallocation are identified as key drivers of emission reductions. The study concludes that green trade barriers can incentivize green innovation and promote sustainable practices in firms, offering valuable insights for developing countries looking to balance economic growth and environmental protection.