The major contributors to waste and environmental degradation certainly include the fashion and textile industry, which takes the second place, with voluminous amount of fashion and textile wastes annually accumulated and discarded. It is due to this growing crisis that mitigating strategies, including recycling and upcycling technologies that have emerged as key tools for sustainable fashion. This chapter reviews the current techniques and technologies adopted for recycling and upcycling of fashion material, highlighting several innovations that have transformed textile waste into valuable products. The chapter sets a stage through literature by clearly defining recycling—a reductive method involving reprocessing of discarded fashion and textile materials in the fibre state to make new composites at the material level; upcycling (constructive or additive process)—understood to be creative reutilisation at product level, without breakdown and is a constructive or additive process; by stating environmental, economic, and social benefits. It further explores the different techniques and technologies of recycling, such as mechanical, chemical, thermal, thermo-mechanical, thermo-chemical and biological, as well as discusses recent developments, analysing challenges and improvements. The chapter will discuss upcycling strategies, mentioning specifically creative reuse in fashion design, artisan craftsmanship, and digital fabrication techniques such as 3D printing. This chapter also describes existing case studies conducted on brands and initiatives that have successfully implemented recycling and upcycling solutions, identifying barriers to upscale-for example, economic viability and consumer acceptance are discussed, followed by some proposals regarding future steps toward circular fashion.